Term | Third person masculine singular | Third person feminine singular | Third person masculine plural | Third person feminine plural | Third person non-binary options (singular or plural) |
Personal Subject Pronoun (Pronomi Personali Soggetto) | lui, egli, esso | lei, ella, essa | essi (maschile), loro (invariabile) | esse (femminile), loro (invariabile) | Most common only written options: ● * (asterisk), substitutes the vowel that in lui/lei expresses the gender. Example: l*i ● @ (at), substitutes the vowel that in lui/lei expresses the gender. Example: l@i Most common written and pronounceable options ● ə / ɜ (phonetic schwas) substitute the vowel that expresses the gender AND the ending of the pronoun. The short schwa "ǝ" is used for singular, sometimes also for plural; the long schwa "з" is used ONLY for plural. Example: lǝ, lɜ ● –u (same use as the schwas). Example: lu Other less common options ● "o" (same use as * and @). Example: Loi ● –x (same use as the schwa and sometimes as the * and @). Example: lx ● –y (same use as the schwa). Example: ly ● - (final dash used for word truncation). Example: l- |
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns: Stressed form (Pronomi personali complemento oggetto diretto e indiretto: Forma tonica o forte) | lui | lei | loro | loro | Examples: l*, l@, lǝ, lu |
Direct and Indirect Object Pronoun: Unstressed form (Pronomi personali complemento oggetto diretto e indiretto. Forma atona o debole) | lo | la | li | le | Examples: l*, l@, lǝ, lu, lɜ |
Reflexive Personal Pronouns: Stressed form (Pronomi personali riflessivi: Forma tonica) | sé (se stesso) | sé (se stessa) | sé (se stessi), loro (stessi) | sé (se stesse), loro (stesse) | Examples: stess*, stess@, stessu, stessǝ, (singolare), stessɜ, (plurale) |
Reflexive Personal Pronouns: Unstressed form (Pronomi personali riflessivi: Forma atona) | si | si | si | si | invariabile |
Possessive pronouns and adjectives (Pronomi e aggettivi possessivi) | suo, sua, suoi, sue ; proprio, propria, propri, proprie | suo, sua, suoi, sue; proprio, propria, propri, proprie | loro; proprio, propria, propri, proprie. | loro ; proprio, propria, propri, proprie. | Examples: su*, su@, su, suǝ, suз |
*This is not an exhaustive list; for additional options, see full spreadsheet at link above. |