This summer, I worked at the Cranbrook Archives. I was an archival assistant working to update the Archive’s metadata for their 3000-image collection. Many of the photographs pictured the Cranbrook Educational Community’s and Christ Church Cranbrook’s history, and a few hundred of them lacked dates. I used three methods to find a date range:
1. For landscape or architectural photographs, I could give an approximate date range by looking at a) when the building pictured was constructed, and b) the photographic medium. The second way of discovering date was less reliable, as I am not a photograph historian, but I could make simple judgments like whether the photo looked to have been shot on panchromatic film, which helped to date photographs taken between 1910 and 1930.
2. For photographs of or including people, I assessed the clothes the subjects wore, which gave me an approximate date of about a decade. This method of dating varied based on the environment in which the photos were taken. For example, in a staged portrait, the subjects wore fashionable, neat clothing, and were easy to date. However, many of the photographs pictured art students at work in their studios, where fashion was not a key consideration. For these photos, the following approach worked better.
3. In many cases, the photos showed prominent figures in either Cranbrook’s history or the history of American art and design. For example, I came across dozens of pictures of the Saarinen family in all their generations. If a photo did not have a clear date and the clothing pictured did not help me, I could look up the names of the people pictured and date the picture by how old they appeared in it.
Working through the Cranbrook Archives helped me to understand the inherently political nature of archive work. For example, the Archive and many like it use a tagging system from the Library of Congress, which includes outdated and sometimes inappropriate terminology, like referring to Indigenous Americans as “Indians.” A great deal of the photographs of women from in the early-to-mid twentieth century would refer to them as “Mrs. [Husband’s Name].” An archive is a multi-generational memory, for better or for worse. The Cranbrook Archives is engaged in restorative work through updating the archives as well as standardizing its metadata, and I was proud to be a part of that process this summer.